Adner, H. (1990). Algebraic versus programming approach to solving mathematical modeling problems. School Science and Mathematics, 90  (4), 302-316.

        Arad, 0. S. (1986/87). The spreadsheet: Solving word problems. The Computing Teacher, 14 (4), 13-15, 45.

        Arganbright, D. E. (1984). Mathematical applications of an electronic spreadsheet. In V. P. Hansen, & M. J. Zweng (Eds.), Computers in mathematics education: Yearbook of the National Council of Teacher of Mathematics (pp. 184-193). Reston, VA: NCTN.

        Ayers, T., Davis, G., Dubinsky, E., & Lewin, P. (1988). Computer experience in learning composition of functions. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 19 (3), 246-259.

        Backstrom, C. H., & Hursh-César, G. (1981). Survey research (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.

        Bellile, E. G. (1980). Background, attitude and problem solving characteristics of college students whose lowest ACT scores are in mathematics (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa, 1980). Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 1450A.

        Bangert-Drowns, R. L., Kulik, J. A., & Kulik, C.-L. C. (1985). Effectiveness of computer-based education in secondary schools. Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 12, 59-68.
 
        Benander, L., Cavanaugh, L., & Rubenzahl, 1. (1990). Ideas in practice: A new equation in developmental mathematics. Journal of Developmental Education, 14(l), 26-28.

        Bennet, J. P. (1992). Computers in mathematics education: A "not really for the researcher" review of recent unique findings. School Science and Mathematics, 92 (1), 38-39.

        Berberoglu, G., & Calikoglu, G. (1993). Factorial validity of the turkish computer attitude scale. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 19 (3), 257-263.

        Berghaus, N. (1990). Teach spreadsheet proficiency with personal money management projects. The Computing Teacher, 17 (7). 54-55.

        Bernardo, A. B., & Okagaki, L. (1994). Roles of symbolic knowledge and problem-information context in solving word problems. Journal of Educational Psychology, 8 6 (2) , 221-220.

        Black, J. (1988). Hertfordshire spreadsheet project. Micromath, 4(2), 32-35.

        Blubaugh, W. L. (Ed.). (1990). Research notes. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 2(3), 3?9.

        Blume, G. W., & Schoen, H. L. (1988). Mathematical problem-solving performance of eighth-grade programmers and nonprogrammers. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 19, 142-156.

        Bohren, J. (1989). A nine month study of graph construction skills and reasoning strategies used by ninth grade students to construct graphs of science data by hand and with computer graphing software (Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 2184-2185A.

        Bozeman, W. C. (1988). Microcomputers in education: The second decade. Technical Horizons in Education, 15 (6), 82-86.

        Bracey, G. (1993). Computers and learning: The research jury is still out. In T. R. Cannings & L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 75-77). Wilsonville, OR:  Franklin, Beedle & Associates.

        Brady, H. (1993). New survey summarizes what top technology teachers have learned.  In T. R. Canninqs & L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 63-65). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle  & Associates.

        Branca, N. A. (1980). Problem solving as a goal, process, and basic skill. In S. Krulik, & R. E. Reys (Eds.), Problem solving in School Mathematics: Yearbook of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (pp. 3-8). Reston, VA:  NCTM.

        Bright, G. W. (1984, April). Teaching mathematics with technology: Mathematics and spreadsheets. Arithmetic Teacher, 36, 52-53.
 
        Bright, G. W. (1989, April). Mathematics and spreadsheets. Arithmetic Teacher, 52-53.

        Brown, J. M. (1986-87). Spreadsheets in the Classroom. The Computinq Teacher, 14(4), 8-12.

        Brown, J. M. (1986-87). Spreadsheets in the Classroom, Part II. The Computing Teacher,14 (5), 9-12.

        Byrnes, J. P., & Takahira, S. (1994). Why some students perform well and others perform poorly on SAT math items. Contemporary Educational Psycholoqy,19 (1), 63-78.

        Cannings, T. R., & Finkel, L. (Eds.). (1993). The technology age classroom. Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle & Associates.

        Carpenter, T. P.r & Fennema, E. (1988). Research and cognitively guided instruction. In E. Fennema, T. P. Carpenter, & S. J. Lamon (Eds.), Integrating research on teaching and learning mathematics (pp. 7-14). New York: Academic Press.

        Castro, C. L. (1984). Actitud de un grupo de estudiantes de décimo qrado hacia la clase de matemáticas y su relación con el aprovechamiento académico en dicha matheria. Unpublished master's thesis, Phoenix University, Puerto Rico.

        Center for Technology in Education. (1993). Design experiments: A new kind of research. In T. R. Cannings & L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 84-86). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle.
 
        Cifarelli, V. (April, 1991). Conceptual structures in mathematical problem solving. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.

        Cifarelli, V. (April, 1993). Representation processes in mathematical problem solving. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta, GA.

        Clement, J. (1982). Algebra word problem solutions: Thought process underlying a common misconception. Journal. for Research in Mathematics Education, 18(85), 394-402.

        Clement, J., & Konold, C. (1989). Fostering basic problem-solving skills in mathematics. An International Journal of Mathematics Education, 9(3), 26-30.

        Comstock, M., & Demana, F. (1993). The calculator is a problem-solving concept developer. In T. R. Cannings (Ed.), Computers tools and problem solving in mathematics (pp. 233-236). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle & Associates.

        Coxford, A. F., & Shulte, Albert P. (1988). The ideas of alqebra, K-12: NCTM 1988 yearbook. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

        Crowe, K. R. (1975). The relative effectiveness of two methods for translating word problems in algebra into open sentences (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1975). Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 2732A.

        Charles, R., Lester, F., & O'Daffer, P. (1987). How to evaluate proqress in problem solvinq. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

        Charles, R. & Silver, E. A. (Eds.). (1988). The teachinq and assessing of mathematical problem solving. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

        Damarin, S. K., Dziak, N. J., Stull, L., & Whiteman, F. (1988). Computer instruction in estimation: Improvement in high school mathematics students. School Science and Mathematics, 88(6), 488-492.

        Demana, F., & Waits, B. K. (1992). A computer for all students. Mathematics Teacher, 85(2), 94-95.

        Denmark, E. T. (1964). A comparative study of two methods of teaching elementary algebra students to use the algebraic technique to solve verbal problems. Doctoral dissertation, University of Tennessee. Dissertation Abstracts International, 25, 5295.

        Deringger, D. (1983). Preparing for the new wave: Ten new tools for computers in education. The Computing Teacher, 11(4), 26-28.

        DeVault, M. V. (1981). Computers. In E. Fennema (Ed.), Mathematics education Research: Implications for the 80's (pp 131-153). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

        Dion,  G. S. (1995). Fibonacci meets the TI-82. The Mathematics Teacher, 88(2), 101-105.

Dees, R. L. (1991). The role of cooperative learning in increasing problem?solving ability in a college remedial course. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 22(5), 409?421.
Dreyfus, T., & Eisenberg, T. (1986). On the aesthetics of mathematical thought. An International Journal of Mathematics Education, 6(l), 2?10.
Ediger, M. (1989, Fall). Microcomputers in the mathematics curriculum. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Training, 9(l), 45?50.
Edward, N. T., Bitter, G. G., Hatfield, M. M. (1990). Teaching mathematics with technology: Data base and spreadsheet templates with public domain software. Arithmetic Teacher, 37(8), 52?55.
Fairbairn, D. M. (1993, November). Creating story problems. Arithmetic Teacher, 140?142.
Fennema, E., Carpenter, T. P., & Lamon, S. J. (1991). Inteqratinq research on teachinq and learninq mathematics. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
 Fennema, E., & Sherman, J. A. (1976). Fennema?Sherman
Mathematics Attitude Scales: Instruments designed to
measure attitudes toward the learning of mathematics by
males and females. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents of
Psvcholoqv, 6, 31. (Ms. NO. 1225).

Fennema, E., & Sherman, J. A. (1977). Sex?related
 
differences in mathematics achievement, spatial visualization and affective factors. American Educational Research Journal, 14(l), 51?71.
Ferndndez, M. L., Hadaway, N. & Wilson, J. W. (1994). Problem solving: Managing it all. The Mathematics Teacher, 87(3), 195?199.
Fey, J. T., & Hirsch, C. R. (Eds.). (1992). Calculators in mathematics education: NCTM 1992 yearbook. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Fisher, G. (1884). Access to computers. The Computinq Teacher, 11, 24?26.
Fraser, B. J. & Maor, D. (1992). Use of classroom
environment perceptions in  evaluatinq inquirv?based
computer?assisted learninq.? Western Austrualia: University
of Technology, Science and  Mathematics Education Centre.
Fredericksen, N. (1984a). Implications of cognitive theory for instruction in problem solving. Review of Educational Research, 54, 363?407.
Fredericksen, N. (1984b). The real test bias: Influences of Testing on teaching and learning. American PsVcholoqist, 39, 193?202.
Fredrick, H. (1989). The effect of using software tools to study functions and their graphs (Doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana?Champaign, 1989). Dissertaion Abstracts International, 50, 1282?1283A.

Funkhouser, C. (1993). The influence of problem?
 
solving software on student attitudes about mathematics. Journal of Research on Computinq in Education, 25, 339?346.
Gallagher, A. M., & De Lisi, R. (1994). Gender differences in scholastic aptitude test?mathematics problem solving among high?ability students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(2), 204?211.
Gardner, D. G., Discenza, R., & Dukes, R. L.. (1993). The measurement of computer attitudes: An empirical comparison of available scales. Journal of Educational Computinq Research, 9(4), 487?507.
Giangrasso, A. P. (1981). An exploratory study of the relationship between math anxiety and the processes used by developmental community college freshmen to solve verbal mathematics problems (Doctoral dissertation, New York University (1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 42A, 3048.
Gimmestad, B. J. (1976). An exploratory study of the processes used by community college students in mathematical problem solving (Doctoral dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1976). Dissertation Abstracts International, 37, 7590?A.
Glage, B. E. (1980). Background, attitude and problem solving characteristics of college students whose lowest ACT scores are in mathematics (Doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa, 1980). Dissertation Abstracts International, 41, 1450?A.
 
Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and metaanalysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5, 3?8.
Gliner, G. S. (1989). College students' organization of mathematics word problems in relation to success in problem solving. School Science and Mathematics, 89(5), 392?404.

Gliner, G. S. (1991). College students' organization

of mathematics word problems in terms of mathematical
structure vs. surface structure. School Science and Mathematics, 91(3), 105?110.
Grandgenett, N. (1987). Magic squares. Micromath, 2(2), 46?47.
Gonzalez, N. A. (1994). Problem posing: A neglected component in mathematics courses for prospective elementary and middle shcool teachers. School Science and Mathematics,
Gressard, C. P., & Lloyd, B. H. (1987). An investigation of the effects of math anxiety and sex on computer attitudes. School Science and Mathematics, 87(2), 125?135. 94(2),78?84.
Haertel, E. (1985). Construct validity and criterionreferenced testing. Review of Educational Research, 55, 2346.
Hamm, M., & Adams, D. (1988, Summer). Problem solving and technology: Breathing life into mathematical abstractions. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and
 
Science Teachinq, 14?15.
Hanse, V. P., & Zweng, M. J. (Eds.). (1984). Computers in Mathematics Education: NCTM 1984 vearbook. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Hashway, R. M. & Hahsway, S. E. (1990). Solving mathematical word problems: Integrating frames of reference and word models. forum for Reading, 21(2), 32?38.
Hatfield, L. L., & Kieren, T. E. (1972). Computerassisted problem solving in school mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 3(l), 99?112.
Heid, M. K. (1988). Resequencing skills and concepts in applied calculus using the computer as a tool. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 19, 3?25.
Heid M. K., Baylor, T. (1993). Computing technology. In P. Wilson (Ed.), Research ideas for the classroom: High school mathematics (pp. 198?214). New York, NY: McMillan.
Hoeffner, K., Kendall, M., Stellenwerf, C., Thames, P., & Williams, P. (1993). Problem solving with a spreadsheet. In T. R. Cannings (Ed.), Computer tools and problem solving in mathematics (pp. 31?34). Willsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle & Associates.
Hunt, W. J. (1995). Spreadsheets: A tool for the mathematics classroom (A. A. Cuoco). The Mathematics Teacher, 88(9), 774?777.
Johnson, C. F. My experience with computers in a linear mathematics course. Mathematics and Computer
 
Education, 16(3), 171?174.
Johnson, S. D., & Fischbach, R. M. (1992). Teaching problem solving and technical mathematics throuqh coqnitive apprenticeship at the communitv college level. Berkeley, CA: National Center for Research in Vocational Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 352 455).
Jones, G. A. (1993). Mathematical modeling in a feast of rabbits. The Mathematics Teacher, 86(9), 770?773.
Jussel, M. R. (1993). Teaching problem?solving strategies with and without the computer. In Krulik, S., & Reys, R. E. (Eds.). (1980). Problem solving in school mathematics: NCTM 1980 vearbook. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Kantowski, M. G. (1977). Processes involved in mathematical problem solving. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 8(3), 163?180.
Kantowski, M. G. (1974). Processes involved in mathematical problem solving. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia.
Kantowski, M. G. (1981). Problem solving. In E. Fennema (Ed.), Mathematics education research: Implications for the 80's (pp. 111?126). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Kaput, J. J. (1992). Technology and mathematics education. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 515?556). New York:
 
Macmillan.
 Kaput, J. J., & Thompson, P. (1994). Technology in
mathematics education research: The first 25 years in the
JRME.  Journal for Research in Mathematics Education,  25,
676?684.
Kari, R., & Dubreuil, Y. (1987, Fall/1987?88, Winter). Use of a spreadsheet to collect large quantities of student experimental data. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teachinq, 16?19.
Kilpatrick, J. (1969). Problem solving and creative behavior in mathematics. In J. W. Wilson & L. R. Carry (Eds.), Studies in Mathematics, Vol. 195. Reviews of recent research in mathematics education, 195. Standford, CA: School Mathematics Study Group.
Kinnaman, D. E. (1993). What's the research telling us? In T. R. Cannings and L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 55?61). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle & Associates.
Klimick, E. (1989). A study of a use of computers for a problem solving approach to learning school mathematics (Doctaral dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1989) Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 3649?3650A.
Kluever, R. C., Lam, T. C. M., Hoffman, E. R., Green, K. E., & Swearingen, D. L. (1994). The computer attitude scale: Assessing changes in teachers' attitudes toward
 
computers.  Journal of Educational Computing Research,
11 (3) , 251?261.
Knifong, J. D., & Holton, B. (1976). An analysis of children's solution to word problems. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 7, 106?112.
 Koohang, A. A.  (1989, Winter). A study of attitudes
toward computers:  Anxiety, confidence, liking, and
perception of  usefulness. Journal of Research on Computing
in Education,   137?150.
Kraus, W. H. (1982). The use of problem?solving heuristics in the playing of games involving mathematics. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 13, 172?182.
Krulik, S., & Rudnick, J. A. (1989). Problem solving: A handbook for senior hiqh school teachers. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Krulik, S., & Rudnick, J. A. (1993). Reasoning and problem solvinq: A Handbook for elementarv school teachers. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Kuczynski, L. F. (1990). Development and use of a spreadsheet Proqram for teachinq sinqle variable word problems in a college remedial algebra course. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York.
Kulik, J. A., & Kulik, C.?L. C. (1986). Effectiveness of computer?based education in colleges. AEDS Journal, 19, 81?108.
 
Kulik, J. A., & Kulik, C.?L. C. (1987). Review of recent research literature on computer?based instruction. Contemporary Educational Psycholoqv, 22, 222?230.
Kulik, J. A., Kulkik, C.?L., & Bangert?Drowns, R. L. (1985). Effectiveness of computer?based education in elementary schools. Computers in Human Behavior, 1. 59?74.

Kulik, J. A., Kulik, C.?L. C., & Shwalb, b. J. (1986).

Effectiveness of computer?based adult education. Journal of

Educational Computinq Research, 2, 235?252.
Lawson, L. (1989). Effects of comptuer assisted mathematics instruction on low achieving students (Doctoral dissertation, United States International University, 1989). Dissertation Abstracqts International, 49, 1725A.
LeBlanc, J. F., Proudfit, L., & Putt, I. J. (1980). Teaching problem solving in the elementary school. In S. Krulik & R. E. Reyes (Eds.), Problem solving in school mathematics: NCTM 1980 yearbook (pp.104?116). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Lester, F. K. (1975). Mathematical problem solving in the elementary school: Some educational and psychological considerations. In L. Hatfield (Ed.), Mathematical problem solvinq. Columbus, Ohio: ERIC.
Lester, F. K. (1994). Musing about mathematical problem?solvinq research: 1970?1994. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 25(6), 660?675,

Lester, F. K., & Garofalo, J. (Eds.). (1982).
 
Mathematical problem solving: Issues in research. Philadelphia, PA: The Franklin Institute.
Loyd, B. H., & Gressard, C. (1984). Reliability and factorial validity of computer attitude scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 44, 501?505.
Loyd, B. H., & Loyd, D. E. (1985). The reliability and validity of an instrument for the assessment of computer

attitudes.  Educational and Psychological Measurement,

45(4), 903?908.
Lutz, J., Durham, T. W., & Coble, C. R. (1988). Personality characteristics of junior high school students succesful with computers. Computers in the Schools, 5, 257269.
Marcoulides, G. A., & Wang, X. B. (1990). A crosscultural comparison of computer anxiety in college students. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 6(3), 2521?263.
Markovits, H. (1986). The curious effect of using drawings in conditional reasoning problems. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 17(l), 81?87.
Marshall, G. (1993). Computer Education Myths and realities. In T. R. Cannings & L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 70?74). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedles & Associates.
Marshall, S. P. (1988). Assessing problem solving: A short?term remedy and a long?term solution. In R. I. Charles & E. A. Silver (Eds.), The teaching and assessing of
 
mathematical problem solving (pp. 159?177). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Mason, J., Burton, L., Stacey, K. (1985). Thinking mathematically. Wokingham, England: Addison?Wesley.
Mason, J. (1989). An investigation of factors that affect general mathematics students' use of templates in computer?based problem solving (Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 3294A.
Massoud, S. L. (1991). Computer attitudes and computer knowledge of adult students. Journal of Educational Computinq Research, 7(3), 269?291.
Mathematical Association of America. (1992). The graphinq calculator: Buildinq new models. Washington, DC: Author.
McCoy, L. P., & Burton, J. K. (1988). The relationship of computer programming and mathematics in secondary students. Computers in the Schools, 4(3/4), 159166.
McCoy, L. P., & Dodl, N. R. (1989). Computer programming experience and mathematical problem solving. Journal of Research on Computinq in Education, 22(l), 14?25.
McDonald, J. L. (1988, November). Integrating spreadsheets into the mathematics classroom. The Mathematics Teacher, 615?22.

McDonald, J. L. (1989/90). Exploring fibonacci
 
numbers with a spreadsheet. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 9(2), 67?76.
Meyer, R. A. (1978). Mathematical problem solving performance and intellectual abilities of fourth?grade children. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 9. 334?348.
Morris, J. (1981). How to develop problem solving using a calculator. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Moses, B. E. (1976). Appendix F: SAQ validation report. In N. L. Webb (Ed.). Technical report IV: Summative evaluation. (Mathematical Problem Solving Project). Bloomington, IN: Mathematics Education Development Center.
Munger, G. F., & Loyd, B. H. (1989). Gender and attitudes toward computers and calculators: Their relationship to math performance. Journal of Educational Computinq Research, 5(2), 167?177.
Nasser, R., & Carifio, J. (1993). The effects of coqnitive stvle and piaqetian loqical reasoninq on solvinq a proppositional relation alqebra word problem. Paper presented at the North England Educational Research Organization, Portsmouth, NH.
National Council of Supervisors of Mathematics. (1978). Position paper on basic mathematics skills. Mathematics Teacher, 71(2), 147?52.
 
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1980). An aqenda for action: Recommendations for school mathematics of the 1980s. REston, VA: Author.
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. (1989). Curriculum and evaluation standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA: Author.
National Research Council. (1989). Everybody counts: A report to the nation on the future of mathematics education. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
National Research Council. (1991). Moving beyond mvths, revitalizinq underaraduate mathematics. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Nizamuddin, K. (1989). Role of instructional strategies in improving MicroSEARCH for intelligent computer aided instrucion in algebra (Doctoral dissertation, Unviersity of Southern California, 1989). Dissertation Abstracts International, 49, 2628A.
Nolasco, M. (1988). Relaci6n entre las acttitudes hacia la matemdtica, diferencias por raz6n de sexo, v el aprovechamiento en la matemdtica en estudiantes universitarios. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Inter American University, Puerto Rico.
Okebukola, P. A., Sumampouw, W., & Jegede, 0. J. (1992). The experience factor in computer anxiety and interest. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 20(3), 221?229.
 
Owen, E., & Sweller, J. (1989). Should problem solving be used as a learning devise in mathematics? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 20(3), 321328.
Parker, J., & Widmer, C. C. (1989). Using spreadsheets to encourage critical thinking. The Computing Teacher, 16(6), 27?28.
Perkins, H. V. (1969). Human development and learning. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Polya, G. (1980). On solving mathemtical problems in high school. In S. Krulik, & R. E. Reys (Eds.), Problem solvinq in School Mathematics: Yearbook of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (pp. 1?2). Reston, VA: NCTM.
Polya, G. (1985). How to solve it (2nd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Quellmalz, E. S. (1985). Needed: Better methods for testing higher?order thinking skills. Educational Leadership, 43(2), 29?36.
Ramamurthi, V. S. (1988/89). Graphing functions on a spreadsheet. Journal Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 3(2), 100?102.
Reeves. C. A.. (1987). Problem solving techniques helpful in mathematics and science. Reston, VA: The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

Roblyer, M. D., Castine, W. H., & King, F. J. (1993).
 
In T. R. Cannings & L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 66?69). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle & Associates.
Rockman, S. (1993). Let's do a better job of exploring important questions. In T. R. Cannings & L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 84?86). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle.
Romberg, T. A. (Ed.). (1992). Mathematics assessment and evaluation: Imperatives for mathematics educators. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Sacks, C. H., Bellisimo, Y., & Mergendoller, J. (1993/1994). Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 2 6 (2) , 2 5 6?2 67.
Sanders, V. A. (1972). Arithmetic problem solving strategies of fourth grade children (Doctoral dissertation, Wayne State University, 1972). Dissertation Abstracts International, 33A, 5983.
Schoen, H. L., & Oehmke, T. A new approach to the measurement of problem?solving skills. (1980). In S. Krulik, & R. E. Reys (Eds.), Problem solving in School Mathematics: NCTM 1980 yearbook (pp. 9?22). Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (1979). Explicit heuristic training as a variable in problem solving performance. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 10, 173?187.

Schoenfeld, A. H. (1980). Heuristics in the
 
classroom.  In S. Krulik, & R. E. Reys (Eds.), Problem
solving in School Mathematics: 1980 yearbook (pp. 9?22).
Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (1982). Measures of problem?solving performance and of problem solving instruction. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 13, 31?49.
 Schoenfeld, A. H. (1983). Problem solving in the
mathematics curriculum: a report, recommendations, and an
annotated bibliography. The Mathematical Association of
America.
 Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985a). Explicit heuristic
training as a variable in problem?solving performance.
Mathematical problem solving. San Diego, CA: Academic
Press.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985b). Mathematical problem solving. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (1985c). Measures of problemsolving performance and problem?solving instruction. Mathematical problem solvinq. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Schoenfeld, A. H. (1987). (Ed.) Cognitive science and mathematics education. Hilsdale, NJ: Earlbaum.
Schroeder, T. L. & Lester, F. K. (1989). Developing understanding in mathematics via problem solving. In P. R. Trafton (Ed.), New directions for elementary school mathematics (pp. 31?56). Reston, VA: National Council of
 
Teacher of Mathematics.
Schubert, J. G., & Bakke, T. W. (1984). Practical solutions to overcoming equity in computer use. The Computing Teacher, 11, 28?30.
Sgroi, R. J. (1992, March). Systematizing trial and error using spreadsheets. Arithmetic Teacher, 8?12.
Shann, M. H. (1976). Measuring problem solving skills and processes in elementary school children. Boston, MA: Boston University.
Shashaani, L. (1994). Socioeconomic status, parents' sex?role stereotypes, and the gender gap in computing. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 26(4), 433449.
Sherman, J. (1979). Predicting mathematics performance in high shcool girls and boys. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71(2), 242?249.
Shultz, H. S., & Leonard, W. A. (1990). Mathematical topics for computer instruction. Palo Alto, CA: Dale Seymour.
Silver, E. A. (1987). Foundations of cognitive theory and research for mathematics problem?solving instruction. In A. H. Schoenfeld (Ed.), Cognitive Science and Mathematics Education (pp. 33?60). NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Silver, E. A. & Kilpatrick, J. (1989). Testing mathematical problem solving. In R. Charles & E. Silver (Eds.), Teaching and assessing mathematical problem solving
 
(pp. 178?186). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Sinicrope, R., (1994). A Polya sampler. The Mathematic Teacher, 87(3), 196?199.
Smith, J. P. (1973). The effect of general versus specific heuristics in mathematical problem?solving tasks. Dissertation Abstracts International, 34, 2400A.
Smith, K. J. (1991). The nature of mathematics (6th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Smith, K. J. (1991). Problem Solving. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Smith, K. J. (1991). Problem Solving (6th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Smith, R. A. (1993). Claims of improved academic performance??The questions you should ask. In T. R. Cannings & L. Finkel (Eds.), The technology age classroom (pp. 70?74). Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedles & Associates.
Smith, R. A. (1995). How computers can be used in schools: A parent's Guide. The Computing Teacher, 22(6), 8?11.
Spero, S. (1985). Spreadsheets in the classroom. Creative Computing, 11(10), 88?90.
Stannard, W. A. (1984). "Guess and check" problme solving strategy + computer programming = a tool to solve word problems. School Science and Mathematics, 84(6), 453458.
 
Stenmark, J. K. (Ed.). (1992). Mathematics assessment: Mvth, models, qood auestions, and practical suggestions, Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Stevemson, F. W. (1992). Exploratory problems in mathematics. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

Stievater, S. M. (1989). Bibliography of recent
doctoral dissertations on creativity and problem solving: Supplement XXVIII. Journal of Creative Behavior, 23(4), 272?285.
Stonecipher, L. D. (1986). A comparison of mathematics problem solving processes between gifted and average junior high students: A clinical investigation (Doctoral dissertation, Southern Illinois University, 1986) Dissertation Abstract International, 47, 3347A.
Suskie, L. A. (1992). Questionnaire survey research: What works. Tallahassee, Florida: Associaton for Institutional Research.
Suydam, M. (1982). Update on research on problem solving: Impolications for classroom teaching. Arithmetic Teacher, 29(6), 56?60.
Suydam, M. N. (1988). Research on mathematics education reported in 1987. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 19(4j_,? 275?337.

Szetela, W. (1982). Story problem solving in
 
elementary school mathematics: What differences do calculators make? Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 13(5), 381?389.
Szetela, W., & Super, D. (1987). Calculators and instruction in problem solving in grade 7. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 18, 215?229.
Texas Instrument. (1989). Instructional material for the TI?34, USA: Author.
Threadgill?Sowder, J. (1983). Question Placement in mathematical word problems. School Science and Mathematics, 83 (2) , 1407?111.
Troutner, J. (1988). Computer literacy: Using spreadsheets in the elementary and middle school math class. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teachinq, 7(4), 12?13.
Troutner, J. (1988, Summer). Using spreadsheets in the elementary and middle school math class. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teachinq, 12?13.
Truckson, E. B. (1982). The effects of heuristic teachinq and instructin in problme solvinq on the problemsolvinq Performance, mathematical achievement, and attitudes of lunior colleqe arithmetic students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico. (1995/97). Catdloqo general. San Juan, PR: Author.
 
U. S. Congress. House. (1988). Office of Technology Assessment. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing office.
van Velsir, G. (1981). An exploratory study of problem solving characteristics in younger and older community college students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, 1981). Dissertation Abstracts International, 43A, 134.
Verderber, N. L. (1990). Spreadsheets and problem solving with Apple?Works in mathematics teaching. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 9(3), 4551.
Watson, J. M. (1988). Three hungry men and strategies for problem solving. An International Journal of Mathematics Education, 8(3), 20?26.
Webb, N. L. (1979). Processes, conceptual knowkedge and mathematical problem solving ability. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 10, 83?93.
Webb, N. L. (1992). Assessment of students' knowledge of mathematics: Steps toward a theory. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 661?686). New York: Macmillan.
Webb, N. L., & Coxford, A. F. (1993). Assessment in the mathematics classroom: NCTM 1993 yearbook. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

Wheatley,  C. (1980). Calculator use and problem?
 
solving performance. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 11(5), 323?334.
Whitmer, J. C. (1992). Spreadsheets in mathematics and science teaching. Bloomsburg, PA: School Science and Mathematics Association.
Whitmer, J. C. (1993). Spreadsheets in mathematics and science teaching. Bloomsburg, PA: School Science and Mathematics Association.
Wiebe, J. H. (1993). Computers tools and problem solving in mathematics. Wilsonville, OR: Franklin, Beedle & Associates.
 Wilson, J. W., Fern6ndez, M. L., & Hadaway, N. (1993).
Mathematical problem solving. In P. S. Wilson (Ed.),
Research ideas for the classroom: High school mathematics
(pp. 57?78 ). New York: Macmillan.
Wilson, P. S. (Ed.). (1993). Research ideas for the classroom: High school mathematics. New York: Macmillan.
Wood, J. B. (1990). Utilizing the spreadsheet and charting capabilities of Microsoft Works in the mathematics classroom. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 9(3), 65?71.
Woodrow, J. E. J. (1991). A comparison of four computer attitude scales. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 7(2), 165?187.
Woolman, W. (1983). Determining the sources of error in a translation from sentence to equation. Journal for
 
Research in Mathematics Education, 14(3), 169?181.
Wright, S. (1987). Classroom uses for spread. Micromath, 3(2), 42?45.
Zawaisa, T. R. W., & Gerber, M. M. (1993). Effects of explicit instruction on math word?problem solvinq bv communitv colleqe students with learninq disabilities, 16(l), 64?79.